Fetal cardiac cine imaging using highly-accelerated dynamic MRI with retrospective motion correction and outlier rejection (supporting videos)
Supporting videos for Fetal cardiac cine imaging using highly-accelerated dynamic MRI with retrospective motion correction and outlier rejection (van Amerom et al. MRM2017).
S1: Videos of dynamic and cine image series shown in Figure 7. Real-time images are shown in full field-of-view (left) and cropped view (centre) at acquired frame rate, with cropped view of cine image series (right) looped for duration of video. The full field-of-view is 400×304 mm and cropped views are 100×100 mm. Images are oriented with the fetus in radiographic image orientation.
(a) Thirty-three week gestational age fetus with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance shown in Figure 7a.
(b) Thirty-three week gestational age fetus with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance shown in Figure 7b.
(c) Twenty-seven week gestational age fetus shown in Figure 7c.
(d) Thirty-three week gestational age fetus shown in Figure 7d.
(e) Thirty week gestational age fetus with ventricular septal defect shown in Figure 7e.
For reference:
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Figure 7: Reconstructed cine image series,
 , with heart shown at systolic,  , and diastolic,  , cardiac phases and line profile time plots corresponding to dashed line across the ventricles. Cropped views cover 100 mm in each direction, with 25-mm markers shown for reference. The heart of a 33-week gestational-age fetus with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance is shown in (a) long- and (b) short-axis orientations revealing transposed morphological left and right ventricles. The moderator band (arrow) can be seen on the morphological right ventricle in the anatomical left/anterior position in four-chamber view of the heart with apex to the left in (a), whereas mitral-valve papillary muscles (arrowhead) can be seen on the morphological left ventricle on the anatomical right side opposite the stomach (asterisk) in short axis view in (b). (c) Short axis view in 27-week gestational age fetus with normal situs, for comparison with (b), in which papillary muscles (arrowhead) are seen on the morphological left ventricle on the anatomical left side with the stomach (asterisk) for reference. (d) Four-chamber view in a 33-week gestational age fetus with coarctation of the aorta. (e) Long-axis view in a 30-week gestational age fetus with a ventricular septal defect (arrowhead). Atrioventricular valves (arrows) can be seen in (d) and (e). |
S2: Videos of dynamic and cine image series shown in Figure 8 showing impact of k-t SENSE regularisation in 33 week gestational age fetus. Real-time image series (left) reconstructed with spatially-uniform (top) and spatially-adaptive regularisation (bottom) are shown at acquired frame rate. Additional high-frequency temporal dynamics can be seen between resulting cine image series (right). Cropped views are 100×100 mm, and images are oriented with the fetus in radiographic image orientation.
S3: Videos of dynamic and cine image series shown in Figure 9 comparing cine images reconstructed using some or all steps in the proposed pipeline in a 30 week gestational age fetus with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Real-time image series (left) was used to generate cines using (left to right) cardiac synchronisation only; cardiac synchronisation and outlier rejection; cardiac synchronisation and motion correction; and the full pipeline. Cropped views are 100×100 mm, and images are oriented with the fetus in radiographic image orientation.